IMPACT OF CORPORATE MISCONDUCT ON INDUSTRY PEERS A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-II).26      10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-II).26      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : Hafsa Awan , Abubakr Saeed

26 Pages : 348-365

References

  • Aharony, J., Liu, C., & Yawson, A. (2015). Corporate litigation and executive turnover. Journal of Corporate Finance, 34, 268–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.07.009
  • Barnett, M. L., & Hoffman, A. J. (2008). Beyond Corporate Reputation: Managing Reputational Interdependence. Corporate Reputation Review, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1057/crr.2008.2
  • BAUCUS, M. S., & BAUCUS, D. A. (1997). PAYING THE PIPER: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF LONGER-TERM FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF ILLEGAL CORPORATE BEHAVIOR. Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 129–151.3 https://doi.org/10.2307/25702
  • Baucus, M. S. (1994). Pressure, Opportunity and Predisposition: A Multivariate Model of Corporate Illegality. Journal of Management, 20(4), 699–721. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639402000401
  • Baum, J. a. C., & Mezias, S. J. (1992). Localized competition and organizational failure in the Manhattan hotel industry, 1898-1990. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37(4), 580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393473
  • Baum, J. A. C., & Haveman, H. A. (1997). Love Thy Neighbor? Differentiation and Agglomeration in the Manhattan Hotel Industry, 1898-1990. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(2), 304. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393922
  • Bazerman, M. H., Moore, D. A., Tetlock, P. E., & Tanlu, L. (2006). Reports Of Solving The Conflicts Of Interest In Auditing Are Highly Exaggerated. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379623
  • Chava, S., Huang, K., & Johnson, S. A. (2018). The dynamics of borrower reputation following financial misreporting. Management Science, 64(10), 4775-4797. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2739
  • Chen, M.-J., & Miller, D. (1994). Competitive attack, retaliation and performance: An expectancy-valence framework. Strategic Management Journal, 15(2), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150202
  • Chen, M.-J., & Miller, D. (2012). Competitive Dynamics: Themes, Trends, and a Prospective Research Platform. The Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 135–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2012.660762
  • Christensen, T., & Laegreid, P. (2007). The study of public management in Norway. Combination of organization theory and political science. In The Study of Public Management in Europe and the US (pp. 113-135). Routledge.
  • Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P. (2016). Accountability relations in unsettled situations: administrative reforms and crises. In The Routledge Handbook to accountability and welfare state reforms in Europe (pp. 208-221). Routledge.
  • Conyon, M. J., & He, L. (2016). Executive compensation and corporate fraud in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(4), 669-691. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2292549
  • Crane, A., Henriques, I., Husted, B. W., & Matten, D. (2016). What constitutes a theoretical contribution in the business and society field? Business & Society, 55(6), 783-791. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650316651343
  • De Villiers, C., & Marques, A. (2016). Corporate social responsibility, country-level predispositions, and the consequences of choosing a level of disclosure. Accounting and Business Research, 46(2), 167-195. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2495763
  • Dechow, P. M., Sloan, R. G., & Sweeney, A. P. (1996). Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. Contemporary accounting research, 13(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.1996.tb00489.x
  • Desai, V. M. (2011). Mass media and massive failures: Determining organizational efforts to defend field legitimacy following crises. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 263-278. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.60263082
  • Durand, R., & Paolella, L. (2013). Category stretching: Reorienting research on categories in strategy, entrepreneurship, and organization theory. Journal of Management Studies, 50(6), 1100-1123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2011.01039.x
  • Durand, R., & Vergne, J. (2014). Asset divestment as a response to media attacks in stigmatized industries. Strategic Management Journal, 36(8), 1205–1223. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2280
  • Feng, Q., Wang, Y., Sun, X., Li, J., Guo, K., & Chen, J. (2022). What drives cross-border spillovers among sovereign CDS, foreign exchange and stock markets? Global Finance Journal, 100773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2022.100773
  • Firth, M., Rui, O. M., & Wu, W. (2011). Cooking the books: Recipes and costs of falsified financial statements in China. Journal of Corporate Finance, 17(2), 371-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2010.09.002
  • Gande, A., & Lewis, C. M. (2009). Shareholder- initiated class action lawsuits: Shareholder wealth effects and industry spillovers. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44(4), 823-850. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009990202
  • Gleason, C. A., Jenkins, N. T., & Johnson, W. B. (2008). The contagion effects of accounting restatements. The Accounting Review, 83(1), 83-110. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.1.83
  • Goldman, E., Peyer, U., & Stefanescu, I. (2012). Financial misrepresentation and its impact on rivals. Financial Management, 41(4), 915-945. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053x.2012.01211.x
  • Graham, J. R., Li, S., & Qiu, J. (2008). Corporate misreporting and bank loan contracting. Journal of Financial Economics, 89(1), 44-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.08.005
  • Greenwood, R., Suddaby, R., & Hinings, C. R. (2002). Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 58-80. https://doi.org/10.5465/3069285
  • Greenwood, R., & Suddaby, R. (2006). Institutional entrepreneurship in mature fields: The big five accounting firms. Academy of Management Journal, 49(1), 27-48 . https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.20785498
  • Greve, H. R., Palmer, D., & Pozner, J. E. (2010). Organizations gone wild: The causes, processes, and consequences of organizational misconduct. Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 53-107. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416521003654186
  • Hodgkinson, G. P., & Johnson, G. (1994). Exploring the mental models of competitive strategists: The case for a processual approach. Journal of Management Studies, 31(4), 525-552. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1994.tb00629.x
  • Hoffman, A. J. (1999). Institutional evolution and change: Environmentalism and the US chemical industry. Academy of Management Journal, 42(4), 351-371. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2940277
  • Hussain, T. (2020). The Spillover Impact of Corporate Fraud on Peer Firms. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-417-120201012
  • Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2012). What drives corporate social performance? The role of nation-level institutions. Journal of International Business Studies, 43, 834- 864. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2012.26
  • Jia, M., & Zhang, Z. (2016). What influences the duration of negative impacts from organizational deviance on other innocent firms? Journal of Business Research, 69(7), 2517-2530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.009
  • Johnson, W. C., Xie, W., & Yi, S. (2014). Corporate fraud and the value of reputations in the product market. Journal of Corporate Finance, 25, 16-39. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2157618
  • Jonsson, S., Greve, H. R., & Fujiwara-Greve, T. (2009). Undeserved loss: The spread of legitimacy loss to innocent organizations in response to reported corporate deviance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(2), 195-228. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2009.54.2.195
  • Jory, S. R., Ngo, T. N., Wang, D., & Saha, A. (2015). The market response to corporate scandals involving CEOs. Applied Economics, 47(17), 1723-1738. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.995361
  • Karpoff, J. M., Lee, D. S., & Martin, G. S. (2008a). The cost to firms of cooking the books. Journal of financial and quantitative analysis, 43(3), 581-611. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.652121
  • Karpoff, J. M., Lee, D. S., & Martin, G. S. (2008b). The consequences to managers for cooking the books. Journal of Financial Economics, 88(88), 193-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.06.003
  • Karpoff, J. M., & Lott Jr, J. R. (1993). The reputational penalty firms bear from committing criminal fraud. The Journal of Law and Economics, 36(2), 757-802. https://doi.org/10.1086/467297
  • Laufer, D., & Wang, Y. (2018). Guilty by association: The risk of crisis contagion. Business Horizons, 61(2), 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.005
  • Lewis, G. (2005). Organizational crisis management: the human factor. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 7(3), 195-201. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16265975
  • Makarevich, A. (2018). Performance feedback as a cooperation "switch": A behavioural perspective on the success of venture capital syndicates among competitors. Strategic Management Journal, 39(12), 3247-3272. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2722
  • Maguire, S., & Hardy, C. (2009). Discourse and deinstitutionalization: The decline of DDT. Academy of Management Journal, 52(1), 148-178. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.36461993
  • Meyer, A. D. (1982). Adapting to environmental jolts. Administrative Science Quarterly, 515-537. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392528
  • Murphy, D. L., Shrieves, R. E., & Tibbs, S. L. (2009). Understanding the penalties associated with corporate misconduct: An empirical examination of earnings and risk. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44(1), 55-83. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009090036
  • Naumovska, I., & Lavie, D. (2021). When an industry peer is accused of financial misconduct: Stigma versus competition effects on non-accused firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 66(4), 1130-1172. h ttps://doi.org/10.1177/00018392211020662
  • Naumovska, I., & Zajac, E. J. (2022). How inductive and deductive generalization shape the guilt-by-association phenomenon among firms: Theory and evidence. Organization Science, 33(1), 373-392. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1440
  • Oliver, C. (1991). Strategic responses to institutional processes. Academy of Management Review, 16(1), 145-179. https://doi.org/10.2307/258610
  • Orlando, M. J. (2004). Measuring spillovers from industrial R&D: on the importance of geographic and technological proximity. RAND Journal of Economics, 777-786. https://doi.org/10.2307/1593773
  • Palmer, D. (2012). Normal organizational wrongdoing: A critical analysis of theories of misconduct in and by organizations. Oxford University Press on Demand. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB10046381
  • Paruchuri, S., & Misangyi, V. F. (2015). Investor perceptions of financial misconduct: The heterogeneous contamination of bystander firms. Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), 169-194. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0704
  • Porac, J. F., & Thomas, H. (1994). Cognitive categorization and subjective rivalry among retailers in a small city. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.1.54
  • Porac, J. F., Thomas, H., Wilson, F., Paton, D., & Kanfer, A. (1995). Rivalry and the industry model of Scottish knitwear producers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 203-227. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393636
  • Schnitkey, G. (2013). Chinese and US pork consumption and production. Farm doc daily, 3. https://farmdocdaily.illinois.edu/2013/06/chinese-us-pork-consumption-production.html
  • Sherman, S. J., Judd, C. M., & Park, B. (1989). Social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 40(1), 281–326. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.40.020189.001433
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  • Barnett, M. L., & Hoffman, A. J. (2008). Beyond Corporate Reputation: Managing Reputational Interdependence. Corporate Reputation Review, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1057/crr.2008.2
  • BAUCUS, M. S., & BAUCUS, D. A. (1997). PAYING THE PIPER: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF LONGER-TERM FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF ILLEGAL CORPORATE BEHAVIOR. Academy of Management Journal, 40(1), 129–151.3 https://doi.org/10.2307/25702
  • Baucus, M. S. (1994). Pressure, Opportunity and Predisposition: A Multivariate Model of Corporate Illegality. Journal of Management, 20(4), 699–721. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639402000401
  • Baum, J. a. C., & Mezias, S. J. (1992). Localized competition and organizational failure in the Manhattan hotel industry, 1898-1990. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37(4), 580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393473
  • Baum, J. A. C., & Haveman, H. A. (1997). Love Thy Neighbor? Differentiation and Agglomeration in the Manhattan Hotel Industry, 1898-1990. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(2), 304. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393922
  • Bazerman, M. H., Moore, D. A., Tetlock, P. E., & Tanlu, L. (2006). Reports Of Solving The Conflicts Of Interest In Auditing Are Highly Exaggerated. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379623
  • Chava, S., Huang, K., & Johnson, S. A. (2018). The dynamics of borrower reputation following financial misreporting. Management Science, 64(10), 4775-4797. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2739
  • Chen, M.-J., & Miller, D. (1994). Competitive attack, retaliation and performance: An expectancy-valence framework. Strategic Management Journal, 15(2), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150202
  • Chen, M.-J., & Miller, D. (2012). Competitive Dynamics: Themes, Trends, and a Prospective Research Platform. The Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 135–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2012.660762
  • Christensen, T., & Laegreid, P. (2007). The study of public management in Norway. Combination of organization theory and political science. In The Study of Public Management in Europe and the US (pp. 113-135). Routledge.
  • Christensen, T., & Lægreid, P. (2016). Accountability relations in unsettled situations: administrative reforms and crises. In The Routledge Handbook to accountability and welfare state reforms in Europe (pp. 208-221). Routledge.
  • Conyon, M. J., & He, L. (2016). Executive compensation and corporate fraud in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(4), 669-691. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2292549
  • Crane, A., Henriques, I., Husted, B. W., & Matten, D. (2016). What constitutes a theoretical contribution in the business and society field? Business & Society, 55(6), 783-791. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650316651343
  • De Villiers, C., & Marques, A. (2016). Corporate social responsibility, country-level predispositions, and the consequences of choosing a level of disclosure. Accounting and Business Research, 46(2), 167-195. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2495763
  • Dechow, P. M., Sloan, R. G., & Sweeney, A. P. (1996). Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. Contemporary accounting research, 13(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.1996.tb00489.x
  • Desai, V. M. (2011). Mass media and massive failures: Determining organizational efforts to defend field legitimacy following crises. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 263-278. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.60263082
  • Durand, R., & Paolella, L. (2013). Category stretching: Reorienting research on categories in strategy, entrepreneurship, and organization theory. Journal of Management Studies, 50(6), 1100-1123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2011.01039.x
  • Durand, R., & Vergne, J. (2014). Asset divestment as a response to media attacks in stigmatized industries. Strategic Management Journal, 36(8), 1205–1223. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2280
  • Feng, Q., Wang, Y., Sun, X., Li, J., Guo, K., & Chen, J. (2022). What drives cross-border spillovers among sovereign CDS, foreign exchange and stock markets? Global Finance Journal, 100773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2022.100773
  • Firth, M., Rui, O. M., & Wu, W. (2011). Cooking the books: Recipes and costs of falsified financial statements in China. Journal of Corporate Finance, 17(2), 371-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2010.09.002
  • Gande, A., & Lewis, C. M. (2009). Shareholder- initiated class action lawsuits: Shareholder wealth effects and industry spillovers. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44(4), 823-850. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009990202
  • Gleason, C. A., Jenkins, N. T., & Johnson, W. B. (2008). The contagion effects of accounting restatements. The Accounting Review, 83(1), 83-110. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.1.83
  • Goldman, E., Peyer, U., & Stefanescu, I. (2012). Financial misrepresentation and its impact on rivals. Financial Management, 41(4), 915-945. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053x.2012.01211.x
  • Graham, J. R., Li, S., & Qiu, J. (2008). Corporate misreporting and bank loan contracting. Journal of Financial Economics, 89(1), 44-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.08.005
  • Greenwood, R., Suddaby, R., & Hinings, C. R. (2002). Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 58-80. https://doi.org/10.5465/3069285
  • Greenwood, R., & Suddaby, R. (2006). Institutional entrepreneurship in mature fields: The big five accounting firms. Academy of Management Journal, 49(1), 27-48 . https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.20785498
  • Greve, H. R., Palmer, D., & Pozner, J. E. (2010). Organizations gone wild: The causes, processes, and consequences of organizational misconduct. Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 53-107. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416521003654186
  • Hodgkinson, G. P., & Johnson, G. (1994). Exploring the mental models of competitive strategists: The case for a processual approach. Journal of Management Studies, 31(4), 525-552. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1994.tb00629.x
  • Hoffman, A. J. (1999). Institutional evolution and change: Environmentalism and the US chemical industry. Academy of Management Journal, 42(4), 351-371. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2940277
  • Hussain, T. (2020). The Spillover Impact of Corporate Fraud on Peer Firms. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-417-120201012
  • Ioannou, I., & Serafeim, G. (2012). What drives corporate social performance? The role of nation-level institutions. Journal of International Business Studies, 43, 834- 864. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2012.26
  • Jia, M., & Zhang, Z. (2016). What influences the duration of negative impacts from organizational deviance on other innocent firms? Journal of Business Research, 69(7), 2517-2530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.009
  • Johnson, W. C., Xie, W., & Yi, S. (2014). Corporate fraud and the value of reputations in the product market. Journal of Corporate Finance, 25, 16-39. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2157618
  • Jonsson, S., Greve, H. R., & Fujiwara-Greve, T. (2009). Undeserved loss: The spread of legitimacy loss to innocent organizations in response to reported corporate deviance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(2), 195-228. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2009.54.2.195
  • Jory, S. R., Ngo, T. N., Wang, D., & Saha, A. (2015). The market response to corporate scandals involving CEOs. Applied Economics, 47(17), 1723-1738. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.995361
  • Karpoff, J. M., Lee, D. S., & Martin, G. S. (2008a). The cost to firms of cooking the books. Journal of financial and quantitative analysis, 43(3), 581-611. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.652121
  • Karpoff, J. M., Lee, D. S., & Martin, G. S. (2008b). The consequences to managers for cooking the books. Journal of Financial Economics, 88(88), 193-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.06.003
  • Karpoff, J. M., & Lott Jr, J. R. (1993). The reputational penalty firms bear from committing criminal fraud. The Journal of Law and Economics, 36(2), 757-802. https://doi.org/10.1086/467297
  • Laufer, D., & Wang, Y. (2018). Guilty by association: The risk of crisis contagion. Business Horizons, 61(2), 173-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.005
  • Lewis, G. (2005). Organizational crisis management: the human factor. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 7(3), 195-201. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16265975
  • Makarevich, A. (2018). Performance feedback as a cooperation "switch": A behavioural perspective on the success of venture capital syndicates among competitors. Strategic Management Journal, 39(12), 3247-3272. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2722
  • Maguire, S., & Hardy, C. (2009). Discourse and deinstitutionalization: The decline of DDT. Academy of Management Journal, 52(1), 148-178. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.36461993
  • Meyer, A. D. (1982). Adapting to environmental jolts. Administrative Science Quarterly, 515-537. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392528
  • Murphy, D. L., Shrieves, R. E., & Tibbs, S. L. (2009). Understanding the penalties associated with corporate misconduct: An empirical examination of earnings and risk. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44(1), 55-83. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009090036
  • Naumovska, I., & Lavie, D. (2021). When an industry peer is accused of financial misconduct: Stigma versus competition effects on non-accused firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 66(4), 1130-1172. h ttps://doi.org/10.1177/00018392211020662
  • Naumovska, I., & Zajac, E. J. (2022). How inductive and deductive generalization shape the guilt-by-association phenomenon among firms: Theory and evidence. Organization Science, 33(1), 373-392. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1440
  • Oliver, C. (1991). Strategic responses to institutional processes. Academy of Management Review, 16(1), 145-179. https://doi.org/10.2307/258610
  • Orlando, M. J. (2004). Measuring spillovers from industrial R&D: on the importance of geographic and technological proximity. RAND Journal of Economics, 777-786. https://doi.org/10.2307/1593773
  • Palmer, D. (2012). Normal organizational wrongdoing: A critical analysis of theories of misconduct in and by organizations. Oxford University Press on Demand. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB10046381
  • Paruchuri, S., & Misangyi, V. F. (2015). Investor perceptions of financial misconduct: The heterogeneous contamination of bystander firms. Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), 169-194. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0704
  • Porac, J. F., & Thomas, H. (1994). Cognitive categorization and subjective rivalry among retailers in a small city. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.1.54
  • Porac, J. F., Thomas, H., Wilson, F., Paton, D., & Kanfer, A. (1995). Rivalry and the industry model of Scottish knitwear producers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 203-227. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393636
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Cite this article

    CHICAGO : Awan, Hafsa, and Abubakr Saeed. 2023. "Impact of Corporate Misconduct on Industry Peers: A Case Study of Pakistan." Global Economics Review, VIII (II): 348-365 doi: 10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-II).26
    HARVARD : AWAN, H. & SAEED, A. 2023. Impact of Corporate Misconduct on Industry Peers: A Case Study of Pakistan. Global Economics Review, VIII, 348-365.
    MHRA : Awan, Hafsa, and Abubakr Saeed. 2023. "Impact of Corporate Misconduct on Industry Peers: A Case Study of Pakistan." Global Economics Review, VIII: 348-365
    MLA : Awan, Hafsa, and Abubakr Saeed. "Impact of Corporate Misconduct on Industry Peers: A Case Study of Pakistan." Global Economics Review, VIII.II (2023): 348-365 Print.
    OXFORD : Awan, Hafsa and Saeed, Abubakr (2023), "Impact of Corporate Misconduct on Industry Peers: A Case Study of Pakistan", Global Economics Review, VIII (II), 348-365