ARTICLE

WORK OF UNDERAGE INDIVIDUALS IN PAKISTAN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

03 Pages : 27-41

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-III).03      10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-III).03      Published : Sep 2023

Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors

Abstract

    Work of underage people or child work denotes the engagement of children in any type of activity that divests them from their childhood. The present study piloted to investigate the social and economic determinants of work by underage people in Pakistan. The study uses probit and logit estimation techniques for the purposes of analysis. The study found that education of the underage individuals and of the household head condenses the probability of work by under agers. The wages of household head indicates the financial situation of the household. This exerts inverse impact on the labor by under agers.

    Child, labor, Wages, Education, Enrollment, Labor Force Survey, Pakistan

    (1) Ahmad Raza
    Manager, Montrose Deli, Chicago, United States of America.
    (2) Syed Fahad Ali Shah
    Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Chitral, KP, Pakistan.
    (3) Nahida Noor
    Subject Specialist, Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, KP, Pakistan
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Ahmad, E., & Hafeez, A. (2007). Labour Supply and Earning Functions of Educated Married Women: A Case Study of Northern Punjab. The Pakistan Development Review, 46(1), 45–62. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41260787
  • Ahmad, A. (2012). Poverty, Education and Child Labour in Aligarh City- India. Studies on Home and Community Science, 6(3), 165–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/09737189.2012.11885382
  • Amedu, A. N. & Ossai. O. V. (2023). Influence Of Child Labor On Primary School Pupil's Enrolment And Dropout: A Scoping Review, Journal Of Education And Teaching, Vol. 4., No. 3, DOI: Https://Doi.Org/10.51454/Jet.V4i3.317
  • Basu, K., & Van, P. H. (1998). The Economics of Child Labor. The American Economic Review, 88(3), 412–427. http://www.jstor.org/stable/116842
  • Becker, G. S. (1965). A Theory of the Allocation of Time. The Economic Journal, 75(299), 493–517. https://doi.org/10.2307/2228949
  • Gayathri, U. (2017): A study on the existence of child labour in India. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 22(7), 35- 37.
  • Gilani, S. R., Zahoor, S. & Iqbal, M. A. (2022). ‘Child Labor in Pakistan: Causes, Consequences and Prevention’, Pakistan Social Sciences Review, Vol. 6, No. 2 [197-208]. http://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2022(6-II)18
  • Gondal, A.H. (2003). Women’s Involvement In Earning Activities: Evidence From Rural Pakistan. Lahore J. Econ., 8, 123–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2003.v8.i2.a7
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2009). Basic Econometrics. Tata McGraw-Hill
  • HAFEEZ, A., & AHMAD, E. (2002). FACTORS DETERMINING THE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION DECISION OF EDUCATED MARRIED WOMEN IN A DISTRICT OF PUNJAB. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 40(1), 75– 88. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25825237
  • Hafeez, A. (2013). An Analysis of the Economic Activities of Unmarried Workers in the Urban Areas of Pakistan, Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking.
  • Hafeez, A. (2015). Determinants Of Wage Function Of Wives In Pakistan, Agu International Journal Of Research In Social Sciences & Humanities.
  • Hafeez, A. & Hussain, S (2019). An empirical analysis of child labor: Evidence from Pakistan. Pakistan Economic Review, 2(1), 48-64.
  • Hamenoo, E. S., Dwomoh, E. A. & Dako- Gyeke, M. (2018). Child labour in Ghana: Implications for children’s education and health. Children and Youth Services Review, 93, 248–254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.07.026
  • Hussain, M., Saud, A. & Khattak, M. R. (2017). Socio-economic determinants of working Children: Evidence from capital territory of Islamabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Administrative Review, 1(2), 145-158
  • Kayen, H. S. (2023). ‘The Impact Of Child Labor On Children's Development: A Case Study Of Afghanistan’, Bhineka Tunggal Ika Kajian Teori dan Praktik Pendidikan PKn 10(2):326-336, DOI: 10.36706/jbti.v10i2.22769.
  • Ravallion, M., & Wodon, Q. (2000). Does Child Labour Displace Schooling? Evidence on Behavioural Responses to an Enrollment Subsidy. The Economic Journal, 110(462), C158–C175. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2565729
  • Siddique, A. F. (2013). Important Determinants of Child Labor: A Case Study for Lahore. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 72(1), 199– 221. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23526081
  • Shujaat, Q. (2007). The state of pakistan’s children. Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Children, F-10/1 Islamabad, Pakistan.
  • Tang, C., Zhao, L., & Zhao, Z., (2016). Child labor in China, China Economic Review, 30(30), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2016.05.006
  • Tenikue, M. & Verheyden, B. (2008). Birth order, child labor and schooling: Theory and evidence from Cameroon, viewed 27 November 2012.

Cite this article

APA

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Raza, Ahmad, Syed Fahad Ali Shah, and Nahida Noor. 2023. "Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors." Global Economics Review, VIII (III): 27-41 doi: 10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-III).03

HARVARD

    HARVARD : RAZA, A., SHAH, S. F. A. & NOOR, N. 2023. Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors. Global Economics Review, VIII, 27-41.

MHRA

    MHRA : Raza, Ahmad, Syed Fahad Ali Shah, and Nahida Noor. 2023. "Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors." Global Economics Review, VIII: 27-41

MLA

    MLA : Raza, Ahmad, Syed Fahad Ali Shah, and Nahida Noor. "Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors." Global Economics Review, VIII.III (2023): 27-41 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Raza, Ahmad, Shah, Syed Fahad Ali, and Noor, Nahida (2023), "Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors", Global Economics Review, VIII (III), 27-41

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Raza, Ahmad, Syed Fahad Ali Shah, and Nahida Noor. "Work of Underage Individuals in Pakistan: Social and Economic Contributing Factors." Global Economics Review VIII, no. III (2023): 27-41. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2023(VIII-III).03