ARTICLE

HOUSEHOLD POVERTY WOMEN FERTILITY AND CHILD NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN TEHSIL JAHANIAN PAKISTAN

10 Pages : 97-117

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(V-III).10      10.31703/ger.2020(V-III).10      Published : Sep 2020

Household Poverty, Women Fertility and Child Nutritional Status in Tehsil Jahanian, Pakistan

    This study measures the impact of household poverty on women fertility and the nutritional status of children. In this study, the poverty level is computed by the per capita income, while women fertility is measured by the number of children in a household. The Height- for-age Z-score (HAZ) method has been used to measure the nutritional status of children. A survey has been conducted to collect household data. The study uses the OLS method and finds that household poverty is positively correlated to women fertility rate but negatively related to the nutritional status of children. The study has suggested various policies measures for poverty, women fertility and the nutritional status of children.

    Household Poverty, Women Fertility and Child Nutritional Status
    (1) Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh
    Associate Professor, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Muhammad Tariq
    Lecturer, Department of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (3) Maryam Ghafoor
    MPhil Student, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Abalo, K. (2009). Poverty and the anthropometric status of children: a comparative analysis of rural and urban households in Togo. AERC.
  • Adewara, S. O., &Visser, M. (2011). Use of Anthropometric Measures to Analyze How Sources of Water and Sanitation Affect Children's Health in Nigeria (No. dp-11- 02-efd).
  • Alderman, H., &Headey, D. D. (2017). How important is parental education for child nutrition?. World Development, 94, 448-464
  • Aidoo, R., Mensah, J. O., &Tuffour, T. (2013). Determinants of household food security in the Sekyere-Afram plains district of Ghana. European Scientific Journal, 9(21).
  • Ainsworth, M., Beegle, K., &Nyamete, A. (1996). The impact of women's schooling on fertility and contraceptive use: A study of fourteen sub-Saharan African countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 10(1), 85-122.
  • Ajao, K. O., Ojofeitimi, E. O., Adebayo, A. A., Fatusi, A. O., &Afolabi, O. T. (2010). family size, household food security status, and child care practices on the nutritional status of under-five children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. African journal of reproductive health, 14(4).
  • Amare, Z. Y., Ahmed, M. E., &Mehari, A. (2019). Determinants of Nutritional Status among Children Under-five age in Ethiopia: A Further Analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 Data. BioRxiv, 698308.
  • Amin, R., Ahmed, A. U., Chowdhury, J., & Ahmed, M. (1994). Poor women's participation in income-generating projects and their fertility regulation in rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a recent survey. World Development, 22(4), 555-565.
  • Angeles, G., Guilkey, D. K., &Mroz, T. A. (2005). The effects of education and family planning programs on fertility in Indonesia. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 54(1), 165-201.
  • Appleton, S. (1996). Women-headed households and household welfare: An empirical deconstruction for Uganda. World Development, 24(12), 1811-1827.
  • Arulampalam, W., Bhaskar, A., &Srivastava, N. (2019). Maternal autonomy and child nutrition. Unpublished Paper.
  • Babatunde, R. O., &Martinetti, E. C. (2010). Impact of remittances on food security and nutrition in rural Nigeria. Unpublished manuscript, Center for International Cooperation and Development, University of Pavia, Italy
  • Babatunde, R. O., Olagunju, F. I., Fakayode, S. B., & Sola-Ojo, F. E. (2011). Prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among under-five children of farming households in Kwara State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(3), 173- 181.
  • Baye, M., & Fambon, S. (2009). Linking parental education, child health and economic wellbeing in Cameroon. In Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE) Conference (pp. 22-24).
  • Bbaale, E. (2014). Maternal education and child nutritional status: evidence from Uganda. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies.
  • Becker, G. S. (1960). An economic analysis of fertility. In Demographic and economic change in developed countries (pp. 209-240). Columbia University Press.
  • Becker, G. S. (2007). Health as human capital: synthesis and extensions. Oxford Economic Papers, 59(3), 379-410.
  • Bhasin, V. K., Obeng, C., & Bentum-Ennin, I. (2009). Fertility, Income and Household Poverty in Ghana. Unpublished Paper.
  • Birdsall, N. M., & Griffin, C. C. (1988).Fertility and poverty in developing countries. Journal of Policy Modeling, 10(1), 29-55.
  • Bishai, D. (1996). Quality time: how parents' schooling affects child health through its interaction with childcare time in Bangladesh. Health economics, 5(5), 383- 407
  • Bloom, D. E., & Canning, D. (2000).The health and wealth of nations. Science, 287(5456), 1207-1209.
  • Bomela, N. (2007). Child nutritional status and household patterns in South Africa. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 7(5).
  • Brook, P., & Smith, W. (2001). Improving access to infrastructure services by the poor: Institutional and policy responses (No. 37559, p. 1). The World Bank.
  • Buvinić, M., & Gupta, G. R. (1997). Female-headed households and female- maintained families: are they worth targeting to reduce poverty in developing countries?. Economic development and cultural change, 45(2), 259-280.
  • Chirwa, E. W., &Ngalawa, H. P. (2008). Determinants of child nutrition in Malawi. South African Journal of Economics, 76(4), 628-640.
  • Clark, S., Kabiru, C. W., Laszlo, S., &Muthuri, S. (2019). The impact of childcare on poor urban women's economic empowerment in Africa. Demography, 56(4), 1247- 1272.
  • Codjoe, A. A. (2007). The Effects of Education on Fertility Change in Ghana: A Decomposition Analysis. Mimeo. School of Economics, University of Nottingham.
  • Cesare, M., Bhatti, Z., Soofi, S. B., Fortunato, L., Ezzati, M., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2015). Geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in women and children's nutritional status in Pakistan in 2011: an analysis of data from a nationally representative survey. The Lancet Global Health, 3(4), e229-e239.
  • Eastwood, R., & Lipton, M. (1999).The impact of changes in human fertility on poverty. The Journal of Development Studies, 36(1), 1-30.
  • Filmer, D., & Pritchett, L. H. (2001).Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data-or tears: an application to educational enrollments in states of India. Demography, 38(1), 115-132.
  • Frost, M. B., Forste, R., & Haas, D. W. (2005). Maternal education and child nutritional status in Bolivia: finding the links. Social science & medicine, 60(2), 395-407.
  • Garcia, M., Alderman, H., &Sathar, Z. A. (1989). Patterns and determinant of malnutrition in children in Pakistan: impact of community health. The Pakistan Development Review, 28(4), 891-902.
  • Gauthier, A. H., Smeeding, T. M., & Furstenberg Jr, F. F. (2004). Are parents investing less time in children? Trends in selected industrialized countries. Population and Development Review, 30(4), 647-672.
  • Glewwe, P. (1999). Why does mother's schooling raise child health in developing countries? Evidence from Morocco. Journal of Human Resources, 124-159.
  • Gordon, C., Sabates, R., Bond, R., &Wubshet, T. (2011).Women's education and modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia. International Journal of Education, 3(1), 1.
  • Harpham, T., Huttly, S., De Silva, M. J., &Abramsky, T. (2005).Maternal mental health and child nutritional status in four developing countries. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 59(12), 1060-1064.
  • Harttgen, K., Klasen, S., & Vollmer, S. (2013). Economic growth and child undernutrition in sub‐Saharan Africa. Population and Development Review, 39(3),
  • Horton, S. (1986). Child nutrition and family size in the Philippines. Journal of Development Economics, 23(1), 161-176.
  • Horton, S. (1988). Birth order and child nutritional status: evidence from the Philippines. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 36(2), 341-354.
  • Islam, S., &Nesa, M. K. (2009). Fertility transition in Bangladesh: The role of education. Proc. Pakistan Acad. Sci, 46(4), 195-201.
  • Izraelov, M., & Silber, J. (2019). Women's Empowerment and Children's Health: The Case of Ghana. In Efficiency, Equity and Wellbeing in Selected African Countries (pp. 123-148). Springer, Cham.
  • Jones, R., Haardörfer, R., Ramakrishnan, U., Yount, K. M., Miedema, S., & Girard, A. W. (2019). Women's empowerment and child nutrition: The role of intrinsic agency. SSM-population health, 9, 100475.
  • Kim, J., Engelhardt, H., Prskawetz, A., &Aassve, A. (2009). Does fertility decrease household consumption? An analysis of poverty dynamics and fertility in Indonesia. Demographic Research, 20, 623-656.
  • Kiwanuka, S. N., Ekirapa, E. K., Peterson, S., Okui, O., Rahman, M. H., Peters, D., &Pariyo, G. W. (2008). Access to and utilization of health services for the poor in Uganda: a systematic review of available evidence. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 102(11), 1067-1074
  • Mariara, J., Mwabu, D., &Ndeng'e, G. (2009). The Consequences of Fertility for Child Health in Kenya: Endogeneity, Heterogeneity and Application of the Control Function approach. In CSAE Conference on Economic Development in Africa, St Catherine's College, Oxford: CSAE.
  • Mariara, J. K., Karienyeh, M. M., & Kabubo, F. M. (2012). Child Survival, Poverty and Inequality In Kenya: Does Physical Environment Matter. Unpublished Paper.
  • Moultrie, T. A., &Timaeus, I. M. (2001).Fertility and living arrangements in South Africa. Journal of Southern African Studies, 27(2), 207-223.
  • Nobles, J., Frankenberg, E., & Thomas, D. (2015). The effects of mortality on fertility: population dynamics after a natural disaster. Demography, 52(1), 15- 38.
  • Odwe, G. O. (2015). Fertility and Household Poverty in Kenya: a comparative analysis of Coast and Western Provinces. African Population Studies, 29(2).
  • Rashad, A. S., &Sharaf, M. F. (2019). Does maternal employment affect child nutrition status? New evidence from Egypt. Oxford Development Studies, 47(1), 48-62.
  • Sahn, D. E., &Stifel, D. C. (2002). Robust comparisons of malnutrition in developing countries. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 84(3), 716-735.
  • Saleemi, S., &Kofol, C. (2020). Choice without Consciousness: Women's Participation in Household Decisions and Gender Equality in Children's Education. Available at SSRN 3522928.
  • Sarkar, J. (2020). Occupational variation in the relationship between child health and family size. Health Economics, 29(1), 98-103.
  • Sassi, M. (2020). Evidence of Between-and Within-Household Child Nutrition Inequality in Malawi: Does the Gender of the Household Head Matter?. The European Journal of Development Research, 32(1), 28-50.
  • Shaukat, B., Javed, S. A., & Imran, W. (2020). Wealth Index as Substitute to Income and Consumption: Assessment of Household Poverty Determinants Using Demographic and Health Survey Data. Journal of Poverty, 24(1), 24-44.
  • Shriqui, V., O'Campo, P., Misir, V., Schafer, P., Morinis, J., Vance, M., ...&Chinchilli, V. M. (2020). Neighbourhood-level deprivation indices and postpartum women's health: results from the Community Child Health Network (CCHN) multi-site study. Health and quality of life outcomes, 18(1), 1-10
  • Singh, N. (2019). Nutritional Status of Tribal Women of Reproductive Age Group in Naugarh Block, Chandauli District, India. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 8(7), 953-966.
  • Ssewanyana, S. (2003). Food security and child nutrition status among urban poor households in Uganda: Implications for poverty alleviation. Unpublished Paper.
  • Strulik, H., &Sikandar, S. (2002). Tracing the income fertility nexus: Nonparametric estimates for a panel of countries. Economics Bulletin, 15(5), 1-9.
  • Tinkew, J., &DeJong, G. (2004). Children's nutrition in Jamaica: do household structure and household economic resources matter?. Social Science & Medicine, 58(3), 499-514.
  • Valdivia, M. (2004). Poverty, health infrastructure and the nutrition of Peruvian children. Economics & Human Biology, 2(3), 489-510.

Cite this article

    APA : Sheikh, M. R., Tariq, M., & Ghafoor, M. (2020). Household Poverty, Women Fertility and Child Nutritional Status in Tehsil Jahanian, Pakistan. Global Economics Review, V(III), 97-117. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(V-III).10
    CHICAGO : Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan, Muhammad Tariq, and Maryam Ghafoor. 2020. "Household Poverty, Women Fertility and Child Nutritional Status in Tehsil Jahanian, Pakistan." Global Economics Review, V (III): 97-117 doi: 10.31703/ger.2020(V-III).10
    HARVARD : SHEIKH, M. R., TARIQ, M. & GHAFOOR, M. 2020. Household Poverty, Women Fertility and Child Nutritional Status in Tehsil Jahanian, Pakistan. Global Economics Review, V, 97-117.
    MHRA : Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan, Muhammad Tariq, and Maryam Ghafoor. 2020. "Household Poverty, Women Fertility and Child Nutritional Status in Tehsil Jahanian, Pakistan." Global Economics Review, V: 97-117
    MLA : Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan, Muhammad Tariq, and Maryam Ghafoor. "Household Poverty, Women Fertility and Child Nutritional Status in Tehsil Jahanian, Pakistan." Global Economics Review, V.III (2020): 97-117 Print.
    OXFORD : Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan, Tariq, Muhammad, and Ghafoor, Maryam (2020), "Household Poverty, Women Fertility and Child Nutritional Status in Tehsil Jahanian, Pakistan", Global Economics Review, V (III), 97-117
    TURABIAN : Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan, Muhammad Tariq, and Maryam Ghafoor. "Household Poverty, Women Fertility and Child Nutritional Status in Tehsil Jahanian, Pakistan." Global Economics Review V, no. III (2020): 97-117. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(V-III).10