Do Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Contribute to Environmental Degradation in Pakistan
This study aimed to examine the impact of trade and Foreign Direct Investment on environmental degradation in Pakistan. This study used annual time series data over the period of 1990 to 2022. Based on the nature of the data, ADF and PP tests are employed to test the stationarity of the data. Tests reported a mixed order of stationarity for different variables of the study. Therefore, the literature advised to use ARDL estimation Technique for estimation purpose of the parameters of the model. In the first step, Bound Test confirmed the existence of the long-run association between the variables of the model of the study. Some additional variables are also added to the model based on their importance these variables are national income /production and energy consumption. The impact of FDI and income is found positive and significant in the long run.
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Trade, Foreign Direct Investment, Environmental Degradation and Pakistan
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(1) Sania Roshan
Undergraduate, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(2) Fazale Wahid
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
(3) Asma Saeed
M.Phil Scholar, Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, KP, Pakistan.
Cite this article
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APA : Roshan, S., Wahid, F., & Saeed, A. (2024). Do Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Contribute to Environmental Degradation in Pakistan. Global Economics Review, IX(II), 64-77. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2024(IX-II).07
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CHICAGO : Roshan, Sania, Fazale Wahid, and Asma Saeed. 2024. "Do Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Contribute to Environmental Degradation in Pakistan." Global Economics Review, IX (II): 64-77 doi: 10.31703/ger.2024(IX-II).07
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HARVARD : ROSHAN, S., WAHID, F. & SAEED, A. 2024. Do Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Contribute to Environmental Degradation in Pakistan. Global Economics Review, IX, 64-77.
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MHRA : Roshan, Sania, Fazale Wahid, and Asma Saeed. 2024. "Do Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Contribute to Environmental Degradation in Pakistan." Global Economics Review, IX: 64-77
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MLA : Roshan, Sania, Fazale Wahid, and Asma Saeed. "Do Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Contribute to Environmental Degradation in Pakistan." Global Economics Review, IX.II (2024): 64-77 Print.
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OXFORD : Roshan, Sania, Wahid, Fazale, and Saeed, Asma (2024), "Do Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Contribute to Environmental Degradation in Pakistan", Global Economics Review, IX (II), 64-77
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TURABIAN : Roshan, Sania, Fazale Wahid, and Asma Saeed. "Do Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Contribute to Environmental Degradation in Pakistan." Global Economics Review IX, no. II (2024): 64-77. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2024(IX-II).07